Optical Vs Ultrasonic Scanners: How They Work On Phones

Before Apple introduced us to fingerprint unlocking with the iPhone 5S in 2013, we all relied on PIN or long passwords . The Android world rapidly embraced the trend and it soon became a must-have feature even on budget smartphones. Then came the iPhone X with Face ID to spark conflict of interest.

Other phone makers started searching for alternatives due to the higher price, complexity, plus the fact that Face ID setup needs a notch in a device . This birthed the in-display fingerprint scanner trend started. There are generally two types of in-display fingerprint scanners that we will look into; Optical and Ultrasonic scanners.

At the surface, they function the same but underneath, both systems and their protection are dramatically different in terms of unlocking. Let us look at each of them so you can pick what suits your usage.

How They Actually Work

The set of processes for both sensors are simple and similar. First, a light press on the screen is used to complete the fingerprint data capture during setup. The processing time on both sensors is usually the same but the function behind it is entirely different. The optical sensor captures the fingerprint’s 2D image during setup and stores the data on the device.

The screen lights up to illuminate the fingerprint when you press the screen to authenticate your identity. The fingerprint image of your screen is taken by a tiny camera behind the display . The image is then compared to the recorded image. On the other hand, as the name suggests, the ultrasonic fingerprint scanner uses very high-frequency sound.

The sound waves are used to map users’ fingerprint data. The complete kit contains a transmitter as well as a receiver. Some of the pressure of the pulse is absorbed as a user scans their finger on the glass but some of it bounces back to the sensor. The data captured is composed of ridges, pores, and other features special to each fingerprint.

Mechanical stress can be measured by the sensor via the strength of the returning ultrasonic pulse at various points on the scanner. That results in a highly detailed 3D reproduction of the scanned fingerprint. This data is used to match the existing fingerprint data captured during setup to authenticate and unlock the device.

Optical vs Ultrasonic Scanners: Speed and Accuracy

First, let us state the fact these in-display fingerprint scanners lag behind their physical (capacitive) counterparts. Those are mostly found at the back or side of older devices. The ultrasonic ones have an upper edge when compared to the optical. Recall the optical fingerprint scanner needs to produce an accurate 2D fingerprint image.

As a result, more pressure needs to be exerted on the display than normal. It is not disappointing but coming from a physical scanner, it might feel slow. The ultrasonic fingerprint scanner only needs pulse data and therefore only a slight touch is needed to validate the user identity. Qualcomm claims that there is a 250-millisecond delay to activate their ultrasonic scanners.

The optical scanner could get several hits or misses when it comes to accuracy. The user may have pressed less or more, and the camera may have failed to create a detailed 2D image to unlock the device. Often, the optical scanner will not function with wet fingers because the reproduced 2D image will not be as accurate with the moisture on it.

The ultrasonic scanner, on the other hand, is a little more powerful; it works very well with wet fingers. Qualcomm claims that their sensor has an error rate of around 1%, which is perfectly acceptable with today’s standards.

Optical vs Ultrasonic Scanners: Security

The optical scanner uses a 2D fingerprint image to authenticate the user which raises security issues as it can be bypassed without a lot of effort . The ultrasonic scanner only confirms the user with the detailed 3D model of the fingerprint. Which is based on pulse, ridges, and pores. It is as secure as Face ID.

Which Devices Use In-Display Scanners

Because it is more of a cheaper alternative to the ultrasonic scanner, there’s a wide range of devices that rock optical scanners. Almost all Chinese smartphone manufacturers, including VIVO, Oppo, Xiaomi , OnePlus and Huawei ship their flagship phones with optical scanners. Even the Oppo, Vivo, and Samsung’s upper mid-range models integrate optical in-display scanners.

The ultrasonic fingerprint scanner only starts support with the Snapdragon 855 platform. And because it’s complicated and costly, only top of the range flagships use it. Typical examples of flagships that use ultrasonic scanners are the S amsung Galaxy S20 and Note 20 lineups.

George Kimathi a tech writer based in Kenya, passionate about exploring how technology shapes everyday life across Africa. From mobile innovations to digital trends, he covers the tools and ideas driving the continent’s digital transformation. When not writing, George enjoys testing gadgets, exploring local tech communities, and staying curious about what’s next.

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Talkio Mobile , Uganda’s newest telecommunications service provider, is excited to announce a groundbreaking partnership with Banana Life Investments, a leading chain of mobile phone and retail shops. This strategic alliance aims to bring Talkio’s innovative telecom services closer to Ugandans.

This collaboration will leverage Banana Life Investments’ extensive retail network of 26 stores strategically located across Uganda in major malls, towns, and cities to provide customers with unparalleled convenience. Through this partnership, Talkio Mobile will offer its full suite of services, including SIM cards, airtime, and exclusive product offerings at any Banana Life Investment location.

This partnership is more than a business initiative—it’s a shared commitment to transforming lives. By integrating Talkio Mobile’s forward-thinking services & nationwide reach with Banana Life Investments’ retail footprint, the two brands are setting a new standard for customer convenience and inclusivity.

READ ALSO: 5 Things You Need to Know About Talkio Mobile: New Telecom Company in Uganda

“This partnership aligns perfectly with our mission of connecting Ugandans to innovative and transformative telecom solutions,” said Vianne Allan Ahura, CEO of Talkio Mobile. “By leveraging Banana Life Investments’ trusted presence and nationwide footprint, we are not only expanding our agent network but also bringing our services closer to the communities we serve. This collaboration ensures that our online customers can now enjoy a seamless offline experience right at their doorstep. Together, we are empowering Ugandans with the tools they need to stay connected, grow their businesses, and unlock new opportunities.”

Solomon Ssemuyaba, the assistant general manager at Banana Life Investments, echoed this sentiment: “We are proud to join hands with Talkio Mobile to deliver innovative, customer-centric solutions. This partnership represents our shared vision of fostering a connected future for Uganda. Together, we are redefining what convenience and accessibility mean for our customers.”

The partnership goes beyond retail distribution, introducing joint initiatives aimed at value addition and personalized service. Customers can expect seamless access to:

• SIM Card Sales : Available at all Banana Life Investments locations.
• Talkio phone number bookings : Book your preferred Talkio number at any Banana Life Investments location.
• Airtime Services : Recharge easily through in-store purchases.
• Customer Support : Friendly and knowledgeable staff trained to assist with Talkio Mobile products and services.

Additionally, the two companies plan to launch promotional campaigns and expand services to even more locations, ensuring no Ugandan is left behind in the digital transformation.

Solomon Obwot is a tech writer based in Kampala, Uganda, with extensive experience in the local tech startup ecosystem. He covers the latest news and analysis on consumer tech, writes in-depth smartphone reviews, and conducts insightful interviews with industry experts. Solomon is also a passionate podcaster, sharing his knowledge and engaging in discussions about Africa’s rapidly growing tech landscape. Send emails to [email protected]

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Over the years, we’ve seen an increase in the number of biometric methods of authentication and sophistication of smartphone security in general. Of all the biometric technologies, however, fingerprint scanner (or Touch ID) and Facial recognition (popularly known as Face ID) stand out and are currently the most used.

This is because these biometric authentications are sleek, fancy, futuristic, and most importantly, fast. But when compared to traditional forms of security (PINS and passwords), fingerprint readers and Face ID suck. And as such, there are times you don’t want to use them to secure your devices.

If you have these two biometric instruments as your preferred method of guarding the (purest, darkest and costliest) digital assets on your smartphone, then you might want to turn them off under these instances.

Fingerprint/Touch ID: why shouldn’t it be used?

1. Fast, but flawed

Fingerprint reader might be faster than typing some 4-digits (or more) PIN or multiple character password. Smartphone users are regularly looking for convenience and means to get things done on their devices faster, so it’s understandable.

However, do you know that your smartphone can be unlocked by a “Master print”? Just the same way a Master key can unlock numerous doors, a “Master print” can also be used to unlock many devices.

Master prints are fingerprints that have been engineered to match multiple patterns. With a 65% success rate, these master prints are able to unlock your device by capitalizing on the small size of your phone’s fingerprint scanner — which only matches a partial scan (rather than all the ridges) of your finger. This is why fingerprint sensors are fast, and at the same time, flawed.

The Master print loophole in smartphone fingerprint sensors was discovered by researchers from New York University and Michigan State University .

Other ways a hacker can fool your fingerprint scanners can be fooled are;

• By using an image/photo of your fingerprint
• Using fingerprint remnants left on objects like cutleries or on your device.
• Using objects like bubble gum, just like this user did with a Nokia 9 smartphone

2.Compulsion to unlock (by Law)

Depending on the country you are (or live in), you can be forced to unlock your device by law enforcement agencies if you locked it using any form of biometric authentication — fingerprint, Face ID, Iris scanning, Palm Unlock , etc. This is because in some countries, coercing a user to divulge his/her device’s PIN or password is a violation of your rights.

On the other hand, an order from a judge/court to unlock your device using Touch ID, Face ID or any other biometric methods isn’t a violation of the law or the user’s rights.

3. Identicality flaw

Your device can be unlocked by another individual with similar characteristics without even trying too hard. This doesn’t apply to Touch ID though because no two persons in the world share the same fingerprint. With Face ID, however, there have been instances where twins, siblings, and two humans with identical facial properties have been able to unlock the same device.

This doesn’t happen with PINs or passwords. Two or more people might have the same passwords or PIN but there really is no way for you to find out unless you’re being told.

4. Face ID can be overridden by a picture/mask

If a hacker can get your printed photo of you and properly places it in front of your smartphone’s selfie camera, (s)he can bypass your device’s facial recognition system. A Samsung Galaxy S8 facial recognition has been hacked using a printed photo in the past. Some Apple flagship iPhone’s have their Face ID security bypass using a printed 3D mask of the user’s face.

5. Fingerprint is eternal

Fingerprints are one feature we all possess that lives with us till death; there’s no changing it. Unlike PINs and passwords that can be changed anytime, fingerprints cannot. And if an intruder clones your fingerprint, he’ll have access to your device, apps, accounts, etc forever. Changing your phone wouldn’t help either.

This is more reason why you should use strong passwords and PIN that only you can remember and are difficult to crack.

There are many instances where these biometric technologies have failed. In fact, they seem to be more easily bypassed (by hackers, the government, and other individuals) than traditional PIN and passwords.

When it comes to securing your device, the best bet is actually an alphanumeric passphrase.

We’ve established the fact that fingerprint sensors and facial recognition aren’t exactly secure, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t use them anymore. Not using them, in fact, is almost impossible in this time/era. The message, however, is that you shouldn’t use them for certain things on your smartphone. Here are some.

Don’t use Face ID/Touch ID on these

1. Banking apps

Unlock your smartphone using Face ID and fingerprint might expose you to zero risks if you have no sensitive information on your device. What you shouldn’t do is use fingerprint or Face ID to login to your banking apps. Use pins or (alphanumeric) passwords to secure your banking apps.

Yes, fingerprint and Face ID are faster but are they worth risking the thousands/millions in your bank account for? If you are a deep sleeper, people can log in to your phone without your knowledge using your finger. They can do the same to your bank app and mess with your monies.

Your accounts are safer with PIN/password even while you’re asleep.

2. Paymentapps

Although payments apps like Apple Pay, PayPal and the supports signing-in using fingerprint and Face ID, you should turn them off or deactivate it. Sign-in to your payment apps and authorize transactions using a PIN or password only.

If you lock some other apps (like WhatsApp and Email app) that contain private and sensitive information on your device with fingerprint or any form of biometric tech, you should turn it off today and use PIN/password instead. Biometric authentications are also safe security measures but compared to manually inputted PIN, they are easier to crack.

Fingerprint and Face ID are, no doubts, quick methods of authentication but you shouldn’t use them for everything. Know when to turn them off and when to use them. If you are a high profile individual (politician, journalist, activist, CEO, etc.) you are better off securing your gadgets with PINs and passwords than these two forms of biometric authentications — Face ID and Touch ID.

Sodiq Olamide is a tech writer based in Nigeria, covering the latest reviews, how-tos, and news on consumer tech trends with a unique African perspective. Whether analyzing emerging technologies or offering practical guides, Sodiq brings a deep understanding of how technology shapes lives across the continent.

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Biometric security authentication has made quite the splash in the smartphone arena the last couple of years. Fingerprint and Face ID/Unlock are two such Biometric features taking centre stage. Face ID is the newer of the two and as such commands a premium over its Fingerprint counterpart. Devices sporting Face ID are comparatively more expensive than those with just a Fingerprint sensor.

There is perhaps no other company that has fronted Face ID as much as Apple has. As such, we will refer a lot to Apple when talking about this biometric security authentication technology.

Apple made news when they completely overhauled their security authentication system and in the process got rid of Touch ID (Fingerprint) for Face ID for unlocking your iPhone and making payments. In true Apple fashion, consumers aren’t given the option to choose whether they like a feature or not before it’s given the boot.

Without a doubt, Face ID and Fingerprint ID are very convenient ways to maintain a level of security on your device. Instead of punching in a number or password every time, or an unlock passcode, you simply either touch the fingerprint sensor or look at your screen. But the questions still linger; is Face ID secure? What of Fingerprint?

How Safe is Face ID Versus Fingerprint/ Touch ID

According to Apple, the probability that a random person off the street could look at your iPhone X and unlock it using Face ID is approximately 1 in 1,000,000 (versus 1 in 50,000 for Touch ID). As an additional security protection, Face ID for iPhone allows only five unsuccessful match attempts before a passcode is required.

Things get muddy when it gets to twins and siblings though. The statistical probability is different for people that look alike and among children under the age of 13, because their distinct facial features may not have fully developed. My brother whose facial features are vaguely similar to mine managed to unlock 5 separate devices with my Face ID. We are yet to unlock each other’s Fingerprint ID.

From these observations, if somebody snatched your phone, the odds against them unlocking it are high. That ratio of 1 in 50,000 for Fingerprint/Touch ID is hard enough to beat. When it comes to Face ID, the ratio of 1 in a million becomes statistically impossible unless you have a database of the population stowed away somewhere. And even then, there are some caveats.

Clearly, Apple and a few other high-end smartphone manufacturers have their R&D departments burning that midnight oil for cutting-edge technology that won’t be easily beat. The same doesn’t apply to budget handsets that ship with Face ID and Touch ID. At times these have to cut some corners, thereby releasing these features as curiosities without any serious secure technology behind them. Consequently, we wouldn’t place much faith in these biometric security authentication features in lower-end smartphones just yet.

When using Face Recognition to unlock your device, your phone could be unlocked by someone or something that looks like your image. As Face recognition is less secure than Pattern, Pin, or Password, we recommend using the Iris recognition, Fingerprint recognition, Pattern, Pin, or Password to lock the device. Additionally, if you use your face as a screen lock method, your face cannot be used to unlock the screen when turning on the device. Official Samsung S8/S8+ Disclaimer The statistical probability is different for twins and siblings that look like you and among children under the age of 13, because their distinct facial features may not have fully developed. If you’re concerned about this, we recommend using a passcode to authenticate. Apple , About Face ID advanced technology

Face ID Privacy Concerns

The likes of Huawei, ZTE and OnePlus have at some point in the past been caught secretly transmitting data from their smartphones back to Chinese servers. These backdoors while not always ominous are a clear signal that security breaches are a clear and present danger.

Apple, which has a rather impressive track record where privacy is concerned has some checks and assurances in place. The iPhone’s TrueDepth camera captures a user’s facial data by projecting 30,000 invisible dots to creates a depth map of the face.

This Face ID data is encrypted and protected by the Secure Enclave, which is something akin to a super-secure vault in your device. Any data in the Secure Enclave, which can also include eSIM data and mathematical representation of your face never leaves your device and is not backed up anywhere. Theoretically, that is.

Conversely, security in budget smartphones is meh! They intentionally never really say how they implement the security features behind Face ID. Where is it stored and What’s to say that the data we so trustingly offer isn’t being transmitted back to their servers?

A Secure Enclave is a gold standard when it comes to device security. It’s basically a small portion on your device that is inaccessible mere mortals like you and I. But that’s the sore point. Many OEMs don’t bother adding a Secure Enclave in their SoCs (System on Chips). By design, this security flaw compromises data stored on a device leaving it open to attack.

Face ID/ Fingerprint ID Security Safeguards

To use Face ID as is the case with Touch ID, you must set up a passcode. In a perfect world (and with iPhone), a passcode will be required of you when:

• The device has just been turned on or restarted.
• The device hasn’t been unlocked for more than 48 hours.
• The passcode hasn’t been used to unlock the device in the last six and a half days and Face ID hasn’t unlocked the device in the last 4 hours.
• The device has received a remote lock command.
• After five unsuccessful attempts to match a face.
• After initiating power off/Emergency SOS by pressing and holding either volume button and the side button simultaneously for 2 seconds.
• If your device is lost or stolen, you can prevent Face ID from being used to unlock your device with Find My iPhone Lost Mode (iPhone)

That’s all well and good and we laud Apple’s implementation of biometric authentication. The same standards, it appears don’t apply to cheap smartphones that are capitalising on the popularity of Face ID. We made a few observations with a $200 smartphone along with 3 more slightly before that price tag. These are our observations in the real world about Face ID.

• You can have as many tries as you like
• You don’t have to make eye contact with the phone camera.
• Subsequently, it can be unlocked when you’re asleep/or closing your eyes
• The phone can be switched off without authentication but can’t work without passcode after Restart
• There is no information about the actual technology running Face ID.
• Limited uses for Face ID other than unlocking the phone.

Last word

Biometric authentic technology is not made to replace a password or PIN on a smartphone. It rather complements those security features already in place. For this reason, you are often not able to unlock your device with either Face ID or Fingerprint/Touch ID when the device starts.

Unlike Apple which touts Face ID as the future, Samsung is more pragmatic in their claims. Where’s the joy in having a secure device your family members can unlock with a smile? Defeats the whole purpose of security where Face ID is concerned. Our advice is to take this technology with a grain of salt. The future is here, but not quite.

Sydney Mugerwa is a seasoned consumer tech writer based in Kampala, Uganda, with a passion for reviewing the latest gadgets and smart devices. From smartphones and wearables to smart home products and cameras, Sydney breaks down the complexities of consumer tech, making it easy to understand through detailed reviews and how-to guides. His mission is to simplify tech jargon and help readers make informed decisions in the ever-evolving world of technology.

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One of the many standout features of the Samsung Galaxy S10 flagship is the device’s Ultrasonic under-display fingerprint scanner . The ultrasonic in-display fingerprint scanner — manufactured and supplied by Qualcomm — was touted by Samsung to be way more secure and reliable than the regular optical under-display fingerprint readers in that it uses sound pressure waves to penetrate the sub-dermal layer of your fingers and map out a 3D image of the of users’ fingerprint whorls, ridges, and pores.

Optical under-display sensors, on the other hand, only capture 2D images of the user fingerprint. According to an experiment carried out by a Reddit user, however, the Samsung Galaxy S10’s ultrasonic fingerprint reader isn’t exactly “fool-proof”.

Although the user intentionally carried out the test on his smartphone as a playful experiment, it exposes the long-term security implications of the ultrasonic fingerprint sensor. Think about it. This experiment reveals that an intruder could take a picture of your fingerprint on a glass cup, or perhaps take a clear shot of your fingers with a DSLR camera, proceed to print a 3D resin of your prints and unlock your phone behind you. The fact that — unlike pin, patterns, and passwords — fingerprints doesn’t change even makes this more scary. Does this mean if an intruder has images of your fingers, he can unlock your fingerprint… forever?

I attempted to fool the new Samsung Galaxy S10’s ultrasonic fingerprint scanner by using 3d printing. I succeeded.

The Samsung Galaxy S10 is a brilliant device. But with recent developments, it’s pretty much becoming obvious that, perhaps, the (ultrasonic) under-display fingerprint sensor is a step backward. And considering that the device had a lot of real-estate on the back, Samsung should have stuck with a rear-mounted fingerprint sensor on the rear.

What’s your thought on this issue concerning ultrasonic under-display sensors? Knowing this, would you ever feel she using a smartphone with an under-display fingerprint reader?

Sodiq Olamide is a tech writer based in Nigeria, covering the latest reviews, how-tos, and news on consumer tech trends with a unique African perspective. Whether analyzing emerging technologies or offering practical guides, Sodiq brings a deep understanding of how technology shapes lives across the continent.

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Everything about the Samsung in-display fingerprint scanner is different and using ultrasonic tech is what makes it different. Prior to the launch of the Samsung Galaxy S10 series , there have been smartphones with in-display fingerprint scanners. However, this is the first time a smartphone features an in-display ultrasonic fingerprint scanner. This is because the ones before it are optical and not ultrasonic. Basically, it uses light to create a 2D image of your fingerprint. On the other ultrasonic type, sound waves is used to make a 3D structure of your finger offering more accuracy.

The ultrasonic scanner used in Samsung’s flagships is actually from Qualcomm, which is part of the added perks of the Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 on board. In fact, this is the third generation of the ultrasonic scanner by Qualcomm. A vision since 2013 when the company acquired Ultra-Scan , a company that produced ultrasonic readers for the US government. The optical fingerprint scanner on the OnePlus 6T , Huawei Mate 20 Pro , Xiaomi Mi 8 Pro and so on is from Synaptics . This way, the Samsung ultrasonic fingerprint stands out from the rest.

How it works

The way it works, the ultrasonic fingerprint world is much more different than the others. The ultrasonic fingerprint scanner sends sound wave which scatters when it hits your finger. This is measured by the scanner, thereby creating a 3D image of your hand. Then stored so that every time you want to unlock your phone it compares the image generated with the one saved. What makes this process more accurate is the ability of the sound waves to penetrate the sub-dermal layer. In this regard it reads into every pore offering much more detail than an optical fingerprint scanner. Unlike the optical scanner that shines light unto your finger thereby capturing only a 2D fingerprint image. If it comes to it, it can be deceived with a perfect printed replica of your fingerprint.

Discover: How an In-display Fingerprint Scanner works (and more)

Durability and added perks

Illuminating your fingers through the display leads to a gradual degrading of the OLED screen over time. For this reason, the ultrasonic fingerprint scanner is not only more accurate but also durable. Not to mention the extra potentials of the ultrasonic fingerprint scanner on Samsung’s latest flagships due to its deeper penetration. It could function as a heart rate monitor, read blood sugar and so on. Going back to the primary job here, it can read your fingerprint despite having dirt on your hand.

Physical attributes

You can easily fit an ultrasonic fingerprint scanner into a slim smartphone because of small size. With a thickness of just about 0.2mm which is relatively negligible to the overall 7.8mm thickness of the Samsung Galaxy S10 . In that way, it doesn’t get in the way of the portability of the smartphone. Nonetheless, the ultrasonic fingerprint does not read from more part of the screen as the optical type does. Covering about 25mm x 50.2mm area at the bottom of the Xiaomi Mi 8 Pro and the entire screen on the Vivo Apex 2019 concept phone, the optical reader offers more space. On the other hand, the Samsung ultrasonic fingerprint scanner is active in only part of the bottom screen and is likely not to work with a screen protector.

See: The Vivo X20 plus UD is the first phone with in-screen fingerprint scanner

Conclusion

The Samsung ultrasonic reader pioneers a new system of biometric authentication which is more secure and has more potentials. Upcoming flagships will sure feature this type of fingerprint scanner this year going forward.

Odunayo Ezekiel is a consumer tech writer based in Nigeria with deep experience in the country’s fast-evolving tech ecosystem. From smartphones and apps to fintech and local startups, he brings sharp insight and a user-first perspective to every story. At Dignited.com, Odunayo covers the trends, tools, and innovations shaping how Nigerians—and Africans at large—experience technology.

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With the launch of the iPhone 5S and its TouchID in 2013, the world was introduced to the whole biometric authentication frenzy that would go on to take over the smartphone industry. Fast foward to 2019 and we have since moved onto fancier biometric authentication methods like LG’s new Hand ID, Apple’s FaceID and Samsung’s Iris Scanning.

Fingerprint scanning is the reigning king though. You can find devices that cost less than $100 that have these sensors and they are very accurate at that. With TouchID having matured for almost a decade now and the tech behind it matured enough, how secure is this mode of authentication really?

Can you unlock a phone with a fake fingerprint?

So can your phone be unlocked without your finger? With a lot of effort and know-how, Yes.

Tech is a double edged sword. With a high enough resolution of the image of someone’s fingerprint, the technology we have today can be used to generate a good enough replica of your fingerprint, good enough to fool your phone into unlocking for someone else. .

Granted, for the average person, this kind of tech might not exactly be within their reach but for instance, governments with enough resources could very well pull this off.

A group at Michigan State University took a 300 dpi scan of a fingerprint and printed it with special ink on glossy paper. They were able to use it to fool the fingerprint scanner of a Galaxy S6.

Back in 2013, Germany’s Chaos Computer Club took a high-resolution photo of a fingerprint from glass and used it to make a latex reproduction of the print that could fool the sensor. Here’s a video of this method in action.

So which method is secure?

If you want to be the only one able to access your phone, maybe you should use a passcode. With Android’s 9-Pin pattern, a stranger has a 0.003% chance of unlocking it.

With a more traditional 6-Digit unlock code, there are 1,000,000 different combinations so chances of a false unlock are down to 0.0001%. A 2D face unlock is the least secure with a 0.1% chance so really, the 6-digit PIN is more secure.

Again, for the average person, these are still very good odds and they’d be more than happy to rely on fingerprint authentication for unlocking their devices. These offer a level of convenience and that these sensors have gotten really good over the years is just icing on the cake.

What is your go-to method of authentication? Does your device have a different mode of authentication other than a fingerprint? Tell us in the comment section below.

I’m a tech enthusiast and digital explorer based in Kenya passionate about Android, Linux, and the world of custom ROMs. I love tinkering with devices to craft personalized, optimized experiences. When I’m not deep in code or tweaking gadgets, you’ll find me immersed in science fiction, philosophy, or writing about the ever-evolving tech landscape from an African perspective.

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Smartphones have, over the years, become a very important aspect of our lives. Its use has transgressed from basic communication (calling, texting, etc.) to our everyday work and personal lives. Nowadays, the average smartphone user stores personal files, multimedia, and other documents — banking details, social media, internet banking applications, shopping, work and personal emails etc. — on his device that could cost a fortune if in the wrong hands. This is where smartphone security comes in.

For years, numerical passcodes and alphanumeric passwords were how we kept trying eyes away from the contents of our devices. Now, smartphone manufacturers have stepped things up a notch by complementing the regular form of smartphone security with biometric authentication. And quite impressive enough, smartphones now sport biometric authentication tools that are were only possible on high-end computers.

We highlight all the biometric authentication technology that have been successfully implemented on mobile phones over the years, their advantages, downsides, prospects they hold, and smartphones that support each authentication methods.

Fingerprint

The fingerprint sensor or reader is one of the earliest biometric authentication technology to feature on a smartphone. The history of fingerprint authentication on smartphones dates back to 2004 when a South Korean company announced the Pantech GI100. The device was the first ever device to have a fingerprint scanner for authentication and speed dialing purposes. However, some sources opine that Apple started the modern-day fingerprint scanner revolution when it launched the TouchID with the iPhone 5s.

Pantech GI100

There are basically three types of fingerprint scanners used on smartphones and they differ in how they function and scan prints.

Optical scanners / sensors

Capacitive sensors

Unlike optical sensors that takes an image of your finger, capacitive sensors make use of capacitor circuits (its core component) to collect fingerprint data. This type of sensor is most used fingerprint sensor.

Ultrasonic sensors

This is a new sensor that was introduced by Qualcomm in 2016 on the LeeCo Le Max Pro. This sensor uses a transmitter to send ultrasonic pulse against your finger to create 3D details of your prints. Only ultrasonic sensors reproduce and store prints in 3D, making the ultrasonic system more secure than 2D versions created by optical and capacitive sensors.

Pros of Fingerprint scanning

Fast unlock time

Can be used for other purposes (like payment authentication) aside device unlock

Cons of Fingerprint scanning

Smartphone can be unlocked without user’s consent i.e when sleeping

Iris Scanner

Iris scanning isn’t a very much popular biometric authentication method on a smartphone, it is also more sophisticated way of securing your smartphone. And though Iris scanning is commonly and mostly used on Samsung Galaxy flagships, the technology was first used on a phone — Fujitsu ARROWS NX F-04G — by Japanese company Fujitsu.

How does Iris Scanning work?

The structure of the human eye.

The Iris is a thin and circular structure in the eye. It adjusts the size of the pupil and also responsible for controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. Interestingly, just like fingerprints, no two humans in the world have exactly the same Iris.

The odds of any two irises being identical has been calculated to be one in 10 raised to the power of 78. Barring injury, the patterns remain stable through life, unlike faces, voices and even fingerprints.

The Iris scanner of your smartphone flashes near-infrared (NIR) light into one or both of your eyes to recognise your iris(es) and unlocks your device. The NIR light emitted by the iris sensor is safe and poses no risk to the user.

“The amount of infrared light is no more than would be received by walking outside on a sunny day.”

Pros of Iris Scanning

• Iris Scanning is more accurate — unlike fingerprint (40), the human Iris has 225 different points of comparison.
• Secures your device while you’re asleep.

Cons of Iris Scanning

• Iris scanners are expensive. Thus making phones with iris scanning capabilities generally pricier.
• Iris scanners can be fooled by a high quality (face or iris) image.
• Iris capture can be delayed if a user isn’t looking properly into the camera or if head isn’t still.
• Scanning under direct sunlight can be a problem since the iris may be obscured by bright reflections.

Some smartphones with Iris Scanning method of biometric authentication include Samsung Galaxy S9 Plus , Samsung Galaxy Note 9, LG G6, HTC U11 etc

Voice Recognition

Also known as Voice ID, Speaker recognition, or Voice Biometrics, Voice recognition is an authentication method that grants access to a device by identifying a user’s unique voice pattern.

How Voice Recognition works (www.howitwork.in)

When identifying and differentiating between voices, a device’s voice recognition software takes the following unique voice biometrics into consideration: sound, rhythm, pattern, dialect, speaking style, pitch, format frequencies and spectral magnitudes.

Pros and Cons of Iris Scanning

Voice recognition is also quicker, easier, and relatively more secure. However, there are reports and fears that a good mimic can bypass voice recognition authentication .

Facial Recognition

Facial recognition on Uhans i8 smartphone

Although Facial Recognition only recently became popular when Apple introduced to the iPhone X as Face ID, the isn’t the first instance the technology would be used on a smartphone. Facial Recognition as a form of smartphone security dates back to 2005 when ORMON Corporation, a global leader in automation, control technology, and sensing announced the OKAO Vision Face Recognition Sensor (which could be used on mobile phones, PDAs, and a y camera-enabled device) in Japan.

How does Facial Recognition works?

Depending on some factors like the manufacturer of your smartphone, facial recognition are of different types, have varying characteristics as well as patterns of functioning. Majorly, many smartphones that comes with the feature usually use the front-facing camera and dedicated software to record an image and properties of your face.

Each time you unlock your smartphone, it uses the front camera for recognition, comparing the original scan to what the camera sees. Advertisement - Continue reading below

Presently, there are many smartphones that comes with Facial recognition capabilities but Apple’s Face ID (on the iPhone X and subsequent iPhones), despite its shortcomings , is one of the most sophisticated.

Face ID on iPhone X

Face ID uses an IR beam projector and Infrared camera to create a 3D model of your face; it measures distance traveled by each beam before they hit your face. It is also the most effective, precise, accurate and safest facial recognition system ever used on a smartphone. Unlike most other facial recognition systems, Face ID takes extrinsic properties of the face like facial hairs, accessories into account. Its effectiveness isn’t hindered by growth or accessories as Face ID software automatically and occasionally recaptures and updates your facial template.

Pros

• Convenience — Facial Recognition might not be the safest method of biometric security, but you don’t have to tap buttons, keys, or touch any part of your smartphone before it unlocks.
• Fast and easy to set up
• Effectiveness not hindered by facial growth and accessories

Cons

• Intruders can gain access to your device if you’re asleep by simply placing your phone to your face.

Generally and conclusively, biometric authentication can not entirely replace PIN, passwords, patterns, code etc in terms of security and reliability, they can only supplement. Some of these biometric security systems are still in their early stages and undergoing research and development. Fingerprint sensors, for example, are now being placed under displays. Facial recognition are also becoming faster. It is becoming pretty much obvious that biometric means of authentication is the future of smartphone security.

Sodiq Olamide is a tech writer based in Nigeria, covering the latest reviews, how-tos, and news on consumer tech trends with a unique African perspective. Whether analyzing emerging technologies or offering practical guides, Sodiq brings a deep understanding of how technology shapes lives across the continent.

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The Mobile World Congress (MWC) Barcelona , the world’s largest exhibition for the mobile industry, has just concluded. This annual event gathers leading technology brands to unveil groundbreaking mobile, AI, and digital solutions innovations. At MWC 2025, TECNO showcased a range of AI-driven products, reinforcing its commitment to cutting-edge technology.

The key launches included:

• CAMON 40 Series – AI-powered smartphones with One-Tap FlashSnap and advanced mobile imaging features.
• MEGABOOK S14 – The world’s lightest 14-inch OLED laptop, featuring AI-enhanced multitasking and Snapdragon® X Elite.
• MEGABOOK T14 Air & K15S – Lightweight ultrabooks with AI capabilities and extended battery life.
• TECNO AI Glasses Series – Smart eyewear integrating AI imaging, translation, and AR display.

Jan Stryjak, Associate Director at Counterpoint Research, shared, “In the past year, we have observed significant advancements in the field of AI. AI will continue to drive transformative changes in our daily lives. In this critical period for the economic development of emerging markets, TECNO’s AI technologies are unlocking potential for diverse needs.”

“The application of AI technologies is crucial and urgent in emerging markets. We’re committed to bridging the digital gap between emerging and mature markets,” said TECNO CMO, Laury Bai. “TECNO is taking a practical approach to make AI more accessible, ensuring users in emerging markets can access AI and cutting-edge technologies.”

Laury Bai, TECNO CMO

Driven by its commitment, TECNO has forged a robust partnership with MediaTek, establishing a joint AI laboratory dedicated to accelerating advancements in AI. At the event, James Chen, Vice President of Product and Technology Marketing at MediaTek, emphasized, “The synergistic R&D efforts between TECNO and MediaTek are set to democratize AI technology. Our collaboration powers a seamless, interconnected AI experience, bringing users a future of truly connected intelligence.”

James Chen, Vice President, Product and Technology Marketing at MediaTek

CAMON 40 Series Powered by AI One-Tap FlashSnap Revolutionizes Smartphone Snapshot Photography

TECNO’s Global Product Launch Officer, Olivier Mas, officially unveiled TECNO’s next-generation AI-driven products. Attendees at TECNO’s launch event witnessed the highly anticipated debut of TECNO’s new CAMON 40 Series, a device that embodies TECNO’s legacy of excellence in mobile imaging. Featuring One-Tap FlashSnap Mode and TECNO AI, the series sets a new benchmark in smartphone photography, delivering exceptional snapshot capabilities and AI-enhanced user experiences.

Olivier Mas, TECNO Global Product Launch Officer

The CAMON 40 Series exemplifies a commitment to innovation that transcends hardware and software, extending into strategic partnerships that deliver cutting-edge AI solutions to emerging markets. Matt Waldbusser, Managing Director of Global Solutions and Consumer AI at Google Cloud, remarked, “Our collaboration with TECNO on the CAMON 40 Series is a standout example. Leveraging Google Cloud’s capabilities, we’ve introduced groundbreaking features such as Ask Ella, AI Image Generator, AI Writing, and AI Translate. I am particularly impressed by the industry-leading and competitive edge of some of these innovations. For instance, TECNO’s AI supports text translation in 136 languages, voice translation in 44 languages, and photo translation in 51 languages. We are excited to further strengthen our partnership with TECNO, unlocking limitless potential to bring advanced yet practical AI capabilities to emerging markets in a convenient and secure manner.”

Matt Waldbusser, Managing Director of Global Solutions and Consumer AI at Google Cloud

The CAMON 40 Series’ innovative One-Tap FlashSnap leverages AI to enhance imaging capabilities, revolutionizing mobile photography. AI optimizes camera startup and continuous shooting for instant captures, while AI-powered multi-frame processing intelligently reduces noise and enhances details, delivering sharper, more refined images. Additionally, the BestMoment algorithm analyzes motion patterns, automatically selecting the optimal frames for precise, high-quality shots in dynamic scenarios, ensuring users an unparalleled mobile imaging experience.

TECNO CAMON 40 Demonstrates the Cutting-Edge FlashSnap Capability

To delve deeper into the imaging prowess of the CAMON 40 Series, TECNO invited Frédéric Guichard, CEO of DXOMARK, to share the image performance of CAMON 40 Pro. Frédéric highlighted, “The CAMON 40 Pro 5G has demonstrated exceptional imaging and performance capabilities in our rigorous evaluations. We’ve been particularly impressed with photo performance being the best for devices under 600$, and the 1st eligible device to our Smart Choice Label.”

Onsite photo of Frédéric Guichard, CEO of DXOMARK

Beyond its advanced rapid-capture functionality, the integration of TECNO AI further enhances the device’s capabilities. Intelligent imaging, a 360° AI Call Assistant, and productivity tools elevate creativity and efficiency. Powered by MediaTek’s latest chipsets, the series ensures smooth performance, fast processing, and extended battery life. With a sleek, durable, and water-resistant design, it seamlessly blends style with practicality for modern users.

MEGABOOK S14, the World’s Lightest 14-inch OLED Laptop, Inspires Creators and Game Lovers

The MEGABOOK S14 is TECNO’s first OLED laptop and the industry’s lightest 14-inch OLED laptop, featuring a 2.8K OLED display and incredibly weighing only 899g (31.7oz). The laptop is equipped with the outstanding power of the Snapdragon® X Elite compute platform, the flagship chipset for AI PCs from Qualcomm Technologies, and integrates TECNO’s world’s first self-developed edge-side large-scale AI model, to achieve AI-enhanced multitasking.

World’s Lightest 14-inch Laptop MEGABOOK S14

Specifically designed for next-gen AI productivity, TECNO AI enhances the Ella AI Assistant, AI-powered PPT generation, AI-driven image search, smart albums, and offline meeting transcription with multilingual support. The External Graphics Dock, equipped with a powerful NVIDIA graphic card, delivers scalable, high-performance capabilities for design, gaming, and content creation. The laptop’s 2.8K OLED display with a 120Hz refresh rate ensures exceptional visuals, while DTS:X Ultra dual 2W speakers, Wi-Fi 6E, fingerprint login, and PC Manager optimize connectivity and user experience.

TECNO’s strategic partnership with Qualcomm Technologies was a highlight of the TECNO AI Ecosystem Product Launch event, demonstrating a shared vision for the future of AI PCs. Kedar Kondap, SVP & GM of Compute and Gaming at Qualcomm, took the stage to discuss the integration of Qualcomm’s cutting-edge PC chipset into the new MEGABOOK S14 laptop, underscoring TECNO’s commitment to delivering high-performance computing solutions.

Kedar Kondap, SVP & GM of Compute and Gaming at Qualcomm

In addition, TECNO also introduced several standout new products. The featherlight 999g (35.2oz) ultrabook MEGABOOK T14 Air, features high-speed storage and LPDDR5 memory, while the ultra-thin, all-metal MEGABOOK K15S, equipped with a powerful 70Wh battery and supported by a 65W PD GaN charger, offers a smarter and more long-lasting user experience. Both devices are empowered by TECNO AI with advanced AI capabilities such as AI Album and AI Voice Assistant, making them perfect companions for all aspects of life.

The Next Game-Changing Tech Innovation: See the World with the TECNO AI Glasses Series

TECNO’s new AI Glasses Series also took center stage with the introduction of TECNO AI Glasses Pro and TECNO AI Glasses, reimagining eyewear with cutting-edge imaging, intelligent interactions, and a sleek aesthetic. The TECNO AI Glasses feature an aviator design, while the Pro model showcases a browline style, both embodying timeless elegance and modern fashion.

TECNO AI Glasses Redefine the Way People See the Future

Equipped with a 50MP high-definition camera, the series integrates an OV50D sensor, a 100° ultra-wide-angle custom lens, and an AI ISP imaging chip, forming a mobile-grade imaging system. This system lets users capture stunning, high-resolution photos with advanced AI noise reduction and HDR capabilities. With real-time translation supporting over 100 languages, TECNO AI’s Ella empowers accurate translation even for less common languages, as well as voice control, AI-powered object recognition, and intelligent information summaries for ultimate convenience.

Additionally, the AI Glasses Pro features a MicroLED display with 7th-gen resin waveguide technology, offering a 30° field of view, over 1,500 nits of brightness AR display, and a lightweight, ultra-thin design. The AR display allows users to effortlessly enjoy features like translation display, navigation, information prompts, and teleprompting.

Equipped with a 250mAh battery, these glasses offer over 11 hours of music playback and 8 hours of mixed use with just 30 minutes of charging. An advanced ultra-linear speaker, bass enhancement, and spatial sound deliver an immersive audio experience, while Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.4 ensure seamless connectivity.

With these innovative launches, TECNO is setting new standards in mobile imaging and AI-enhanced technology, shaping a more connected and empowered future for consumers in emerging markets. Once again, TECNO has showcased its cutting-edge innovation on the global stage at MWC. With the brand essence of “Stop at Nothing”, TECNO’s relentless pursuit of innovation is making AI-powered technology more accessible, allowing consumers to experience the future ahead of time.

Solomon Obwot is a tech writer based in Kampala, Uganda, with extensive experience in the local tech startup ecosystem. He covers the latest news and analysis on consumer tech, writes in-depth smartphone reviews, and conducts insightful interviews with industry experts. Solomon is also a passionate podcaster, sharing his knowledge and engaging in discussions about Africa’s rapidly growing tech landscape. Send emails to [email protected]

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